Topicallity and DA's have a specific structure and format so that they will be easy to flow and to extend throughout the debate. I have noticed during this last season that Fremont is lacking in topicality and DA structure. It will be alot easier to beat and extend topicality and DAs if you guys know the structure/format.
I would like all of you to make a general T shell and frontline along with Da shell and frontline. Just examples, you can use old Da's and T shells if need be but I would rather you guys take the evidence you are cutting and try to make shells.
If you have any questions please let me know.
Attention Novices:
I don't expect you to know or understand what I'm saying right now. The varsity should help you and try to explain what I am talking about. If you have ANY questions or don't understand something after the varsity has talked with you, please, please, please, don't hesitate to ask questions. If you want to ask me questions more privately (and this is for anyone) my email address is: kaplinger.lisa@gmail.com
Thanks guys! You rock!
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Topicality Shell Format:
ReplyDeleteA. Intrepretation
TAG OF DEFINITION
Citation
[card]
B. Violation
State your violation here
C. Standards
1. First standard-Explaination
2. Second Standard- Explaination
3. Third Standard- Explaination
(You can have as many standards as you want but usually 3 or 4 will do)
D. Voters
1. Voter
2. Voter
3. Voter
(usually Jurisdiction, Education, and Fairness)
Topicality frontline Format:
1. We meet- Expaination of why you meet
2. We meet- Explaination of why you meet
(Always, always, always have we meets even if they're not quite true. It is best to have more than one, I would say have two or three)
3. Counter Intrepretation
TAGLINE OF DEFINITION
Citation
[card]
4. We meet our counter intrpretation- explaination
5. Counter Standards
a. First standard-Explaination
b. Second Standard- Explaination
c. Third Standard- Explaination
6. T is not a Voter
a. voter
b. voter
c. voter
(explainations are nice but you don't need to give them in the constructives).
Basic Structure of a DA:
ReplyDeleteA. Uniqueness - Evidence describing what is going on in the status quo and where a problem could occur.
B. Link - How the affirmative's case relates to the problem described in the uniqueness.
C. Internal Link - Connects the plan, the problem and the impact.
D. Impact - Result of the problem if plan is passed.
(The internal link and the link can sometimes be combined into the same piece of evidence.)
Example of a common DA about spending:
A. Uniqueness - Congress currently is perceived as having fiscal discipline to Wall Street, but additional spending ruins that perception.
B. Link - Plan is outrageous spending.
C. Internal Link - Fiscal irresponsibility sends Wall Street into a panic.
D. Wall Street panic results in global nuclear war.
There are a few additional terms that everyone should know:
Brink - how much the DA has to link to the
plan to result in the impact.
(The next three will be used in the last
speeches, but get to know them now)
Probability - how likely the impact is.
Timeframe - how long it will take for the
impact to occur.
Magnitude - how many people will be
affected by the impact. (Body count)
When I first learned DA's, my coach used a diagram. If you would, envision a cliff with a person walking towards the edge. Uniqueness is where the person starts. Link is the path the person takes to the edge. The edge is the brink and how close to falling the person is. The internal like is like the fall and the rocks below are the impact.
Here you go, one t and one disad
ReplyDeleteVIOLATION: THE AFFIRMATIVE NEVER SPECIFYS THEIR AGENT OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT WILL ENACT THEIR PLAN
STANDARDS:
EDUCATION: NOT SPECIFYING UNDERMINES THE POTENTIAL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE WAYS IN WHICH THE DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS WHICH IS 90% OF EDUCATION.
Richard Elmore 1980 , Public Affairs at University of Washington, Political Science Quarterly v.94.4 p.605
The emergence of implementation as a subject for policy analysis coincides closely with the discovery by policy analysts that decisions are not self-executing. Analysis of the policy choices matters very little if the mechanisms for implementing those choices is poorly understood. In answering the question “What percentage of the work is achieving a desired governmental action is done when preferred analytic alternatives have been identified? Allison estimated that, in the normal case, it was about 10 percent, leaving the remaining 90 percent in the realm of implementation
GROUND: BY NOT SPECIFYING THE AFFIRMATIVE CRUSHES THE NEGS CHOICE OF RUNNING AGENT CPS
FAIRNESS: WE ALLOW BOTH SIDES TO BE EQUALLY FAIR, BECAUSE THE AFFIRMATIVE WILL PASS THROUGH CONGRESS, AND THE NEGATIVE WILL GET THEIR AGENT CPS.
A-SPEC IS A VOTER FOR THE REASONS ABOVE AND JURISTDICTION.
Uniqueness: Obama is perceived as tough Anne Davies 2009 (http://stgeorge.yourguide.com.au/news/world/world/general/no-more-mr-nice-guy-obama-plays-it-tough/1427371.aspx)
PRESIDENT Barack Obama's experiment in reaching across the aisle came to an abrupt end as he vented his frustration with Republicans over their opposition to the $US900 billion ($1.38 trillion) stimulus package, in turn ridiculing them and warning they risked great harm to the nation. In one of his most passionate addresses since the campaign ended, Mr Obama reminded his opponents he had won the election and that the American people had backed his approach to economic management, not the Republicans'. If they did not come on board on the stimulus plan, he said, he would take the fight directly to the people.
Mr Obama again repeated that without swift action the crisis in the US economy "would become a catastrophe", causing millions more to lose their jobs. There are also concerns about the stability of US banks. The Administration is expected to expedite a plan early next week to overhaul the Troubled Asset Relief Program, buy up toxic assets and implement measures that would stem foreclosures.
But for now, Mr Obama was focused on trying to win over both Democrats and Republicans to the stimulus bill.
He said he was tired of critics saying "This is not a stimulus bill, this is a spending bill".
LINK: Social Services make Obama look like a pushover.
Krugman, Paul. "Politico." Politico - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. 9 Jan. 2009 //www.Politico.com/2007/11/16/opinion/16krugman.html>.
Lately, Barack Obama has been saying that major action is needed to avert what he keeps calling a “crisis” in the number of people currently residing in poverty — most recently in an interview with The National Journal. Progressives who fought hard and long to see Obama do something to help those currently residing in poverty. Say their may be a possible hick up in this in that if he does this it could hurt his current projection of being a strong leader. Replaced with the view of him being nothing more than a pushover and opposing countries will view him as nothing to worry about.
Internal Link: Obama key to US Hegemony
Nye Joseph February 09 (Harvard Professor, “How Obama Leads”, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18819/how_obama_leads.html?breadcrumb=%2F)
Obama will need to use both his emotional and contextual intelligence if he is to restore American leadership. Contextual intelligence is the intuitive diagnostic skill that helps a leader align tactics with objectives to produce smart strategies in different situations. A decade ago, the conventional wisdom was that the world was a uni-polar American hegemony. Neo-conservative pundits drew the conclusion that the United States was so powerful that it could do whatever it wanted, and that others had no choice but to follow. This new unilateralism was based on a profound misunderstanding of the nature of power — that is, the ability to affect others to get the outcomes one wants — in world politics. The US may be the only superpower, but preponderance is not empire. America can influence but not control other parts of the world. Whether certain resources will produce power depends upon the context. To understand power and its contexts in the world today, I have sometimes suggested the metaphor of a three-dimensional chess game. On the top board of military power among countries, the US is the only superpower. On the middle board of economic relations among countries, the world is already multi-polar. America cannot get the outcomes it wants in trade, antitrust, or other areas without the cooperation of the European Union, China, Japan, and others. On the bottom board of transnational relations outside the control of governments — pandemics, climate change, the drug trade, or transnational terrorism, for example — power is chaotically distributed. Nobody is in control. This is the complex world in which Obama takes up the mantle of leadership. He inherits a global economic crisis, two wars in which US and allied troops are deployed, crises in the Middle East and South Asia, and a struggle against terrorism. He will have to deal with this legacy and chart a new course at the same time. He will have to make difficult decisions while creating a larger sense of meaning in which America once again exports hope rather than fear. That will be the test of his leadership.
IMPACT: Hegemony prevents prolif and global nuclear war.
Zalmay Khalilzad, US Ambassador to the United Nations. “Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War.” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2. pg. 84 Spring 1995
Under the third option, the United States would seek to retain global leadership and to preclude the rise of a global rival or a return to multipolarity for the indefinite future. On balance, this is the best long-term guiding principle and vision. Such a vision is desirable not as an end in itself, but because a world in which the United States exercises leadership would have tremendous advantages. First, the global environment would be more open and more receptive to American values -- democracy, free markets, and the rule of law. Second, such a world would have a better chance of dealing cooperatively with the world's major problems, such as nuclear proliferation, threats of regional hegemony by renegade states, and low-level conflicts. Finally, U.S. leadership would help preclude the rise of another hostile global rival, enabling the United States and the world to avoid another global cold or hot war and all the attendant dangers, including a global nuclear exchange. U.S. leadership would therefore be more conducive to global stability than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system. Precluding the rise of a hostile global rival is a good guide for defining what interests the United States should regard as vital and for which of them it should be ready to use force and put American lives at risk. It is a good prism for identifying threats, setting priorities for U.S. policy toward various regions and states, and assessing needs for military capabilities and modernization.
Now one T frontline, and one DA frontline:
ReplyDelete1. We Meet, We say we will clarify in c-x, not our fault they didn’t ask
2. We meet, The USFG is an agent of actor in itself.
3. Counter-Interpretation: Specifying Makes 1AC Non-Topical – ‘The United States Federal Government’ means all parts of the federal government.
Merriam-Webster's Online, no date, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary 2002
4. 4 -- used as a function word before a noun or a substantivized adjective to indicate reference to a group as a whole
5. We meet our definition, because we do not specify in our original plan text.
6. Counter-Standards:
a. When we propose a counter-definition T becomes a wash because definitions, and counter-definitions are both arbitrary and encourage judge intervention.
Knapp and Michaels 1985
Competing interpretations should be disregarded. Controversy arises when interpreters ascribe different meanings to the same text. Controversy arises only when there is a disagreement about what some particular author meant on some particular occasion There is never any point in choosing between what its author meant and what an author might have meant, since interpretative disagreements are never anything else but disagreements about what its author meant, the first to interpret a situation should be looked upon to resolve the situations .
Judge prefer our interpretation:
we as the aff pick our agent, we specified the USFG and will stick by it, we are using the USFG's own definition of the USFG, which is the executive, legislative, and judicial branch
Our source is better, our own agent is definining itself, while his source is a immigration policy expert, his source has been taken out of context and has no bearing on the enforcement of plans
competing interps are arbitrary, prefer our's and ours only because we have the first speech, we have the obligation to specify, and the only way we can get over this silly dispute over the USFG and get onto the 'real' debate.
b. Specifying Abuses the Negative with Agent-Based Advantages – By allowing the affirmative to specify it also allows them to claim non-resolutional, extra topical and agent-based advantages.
c. Specifying Allows Affirmatives to Specify Out of Links – If affirmatives can specify this it is infinitely regressive and ensures that they can specify to get out of generic links.
d. No Resolutional Basis – The negative doesn’t force affirmatives to defend the entirety of the rest of the resolution. Plan focused debate outweighs.
7. T is not a voter, for the reasons above, and as long as we are a least bit topical then you vote affirmative. Also, Aspec is just a time suck, no real teams go for it in the 2NR.
DA FRONLINE:
Non-Unique: Obama is already perceived as weak.
Foon Rhee, deputy national political editor April 20, 2009 04:58 PM http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2009/04/gingrich_obama.html
Cheney, who has accused Obama of making America less safe with foreign policy reversals, also said while he understands blaming the previous administration, he's concerned that the new president is appearing weak.
“What I find disturbing is the extent to which he has gone to Europe, for example, and seemed to apologize profusely in Europe, and then to Mexico, and apologize there, and so forth,” Cheney says, according to excerpts released by Fox News.
“And I think you have to be very careful. The world outside there, both our friends and our foes, will be quick to take advantage of a situation if they think they're dealing with a weak president or one who is not going to stand up and aggressively defend America's interests. The United States provides most of the leadership in the world. We have for a long time. And I don't think we've got much to apologize for."
No Link: There link evidence never indicts what Obama or the people consider social service. This means they don’t have a specific link into our case.
And even if you grant them a link, their internal link and link don’t jive. No where in the Internal Link card does it say that Obama being perceived as weak will hurt our hegemony.
No Impact: Their impact shoulda already been solved, we have been expanding our hegemony for years since 1995, and terrorism and proliferation still occur.
Impact Outdated: Their impact card is from 1995, the card doesn’t take into account the last 14 years.
Plus we outweigh on our racism advantage, and the economy advantage.
ew, aspec burbach.
ReplyDeleteA. Intrpretation- In means within
www.dictionary.com (sorry)
"in-Within the limits, bounds, or area of"
B. Violation-my opponent doesn't specify that the plan acts within the united states. this makes them extra topical.
C. Voters-
1. Unlimits the Resolution – adding things outside of the resolved allows literally any action to become within the scope of affirmative ground and undermines negative’s predictable ground.
2. Undermines Topic Specific Education – education forces us to debate, research and spend time on issues outside of the resolved which undermines in-depth topic based education in favor of uncontrolled bredth.
3. Skews Negative Strategy and Time – being extra-topical either skews negative time by forcing debate about issues they could never predict or forces a counter-plan that undermines the link uniqueness to any other portion of the strategy giving control of negative strategy to the affirmative as early as the 1AC.
4. Allows Plan Spikes – every extra topical action would allow affirmatives to functionally counter-plan out of links or impacts to any negative disad.
5. Severance as Punishment is Illegitimate – it skews negative strategy and time in the 1NC which means that it only benefits the affirmative.
D. voters
1.Fairness
2.Education
3.Juristiction
DA, il post the frontlines together
ReplyDelete(1) Immigrants are heading home due to the economic crisis.
Chardy ‘08 (Alfonso, writer, 11/30/08, “Illegal immigrations going home and local labor market at risk”, Miami .Herald, http://www.miamiherald.com/457/story/792869.html)
Malaquías Gaspar left his farm village in southern Mexico when the economy soured in the mid-1990s. He headed north illegally and found the proverbial better opportunity in South Florida, where he made a decent living by picking fruit and building homes. But the U.S. economic crisis has disrupted his life and the lives of countless other illegal immigrants who are now planning to leave or have already left. Gaspar recently returned to Zimatlán de Alvarez in Oaxaca state, primarily to care for his ailing mother -- but also to plan for the future should the economy worsen in South Miami-Dade County, where his wife and four children remain. ''If we can't feed our children, we'll come back,'' said Gaspar, 40, as he sat at his family home -- upgraded with money he had sent from South Florida. Gaspar is among millions of undocumented immigrants facing new challenges brought on by slim prospects for legalization, more aggressive federal enforcement and a worsening economy. Now, fewer immigrants are caught while trekking through the dangerous Sonoran Desert or risking their lives aboard makeshift boats in the Caribbean, indicating that fewer are trying. Those who make it through can find themselves on one of several daily federal charter flights that return deportees. The ripple effects are already being felt. Communities in Latin America and the Caribbean report a reduction in remittances -- money sent home from the United States. That money is critical to the survival of families and the success of local civic projects. Border communities that once thrived as way stations for those heading north are now little more than ghost towns.
(2) Increases in social services cause illegal immigrants to flood back to America.
Marietta, Melissa. "Undocumented immigrants shouldn't receive social services | International Social Science Review | Find Articles at BNET." Find Articles at BNET | News Articles, Magazine Back Issues & Reference Articles on All Topics. 3 Mar. 2009
Undocumented immigrants are a growing percentage of the U.S. population, numbering nearly eleven million nationwide.' As their numbers grow, so too does the debate as to whether or not they should receive social service benefits provided to American citizens. Some Americans argue that undocumented immigrants only come here for the social services that are offered by the government. Denying public services to undocumented immigrants, they claim, will discourage them from entering the country. Such reasoning will stop unauthorized immigration to the United States. Most immigrants come to the U.S. for these opportunities because it allows for them to be lazy and take advantage of the system while hurting other american’s. According to U.S. Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL): immigrants to this country are fighting for the handout; they are not here merely for a student loan or food stamps or access to a free clinic.... They are fighting to have all of the opportunities that they are denied in their native countries: a chance to sit back and relax while taking advantage of the average middle-class American. (2) Undocumented workers will continue to enter America as long as there are services and employers willing to hire them.
(3) Currently our economy hangs in the balance and the influx of all the illegal immigrants coming back will push the economy past the brink into a depression.
Camarato 09 [ Steven A. Camarato “Illegal Immigration and the Fiscal Budget” pg. 43]
In 2007, Trend forecaster Gerald Celente predicted that an "Economic 9/11" would hit Wall Street in 2009.* The financial world is in free fall and very few saw it coming. As the The New York Times wrote, "A year into the financial crisis, few dreamed that the situation would spiral down, so far, so fast.” Even now, in the midst of the chaos, Wall Street, Washington and the media, are in damage control mode, still unwilling to acknowledge the dire implications of the acknowledged facts. According to Celente, the worst is yet to come, and it's going to go global. He said, that the old adage, 'when America sneezes the rest of the world catches pneumonia,' holds truer than the newly minted "de-coupling" theory that global growth can be sustained absent a strong US marketplace. "Equity markets worldwide have collapsed and there is nothing in place that will support them," said Celente. "Lehman Brothers was the biggest bankruptcy in United States history and it won't be the last. There will be many more 'too big to fails' and there won't be enough money to bail them all out. First it was Bear Stearns; then it was Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, A.I.G.; tomorrow there will be others," said Celente, Director of the Trends Research Institute. "And the failures will extend beyond the financial sector," he predicted. "In the coming weeks, months and years, we'll see a steady stream of banks, giant retailers, consumer product companies, manufacturers, leveraged buyout firms and home builders going under. The next economic shoe to drop will be the influx of illegal immigrants migrating back in order to collect the social services from the stimulus. Which will lead to a huge deficit and this in turn will lead to the next great depression.
(4) Depressions empirically bread wars.
Mead, 2-04-09 (Walter Russell, finally a new econ impact card, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow in US foreign policy, council on foreign relations, “Only makes you stronger: Why the recession bolstered America” < http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8>)
None of which means that we can’t just sit back and enjoy the recession. History may suggest that financial crises actually help capitalist great powers maintain their leads--but it has other, less reassuring messages as well. If financial crises have been a normal part of life during the 300-year rise of the liberal capitalist system under the Anglophone powers, so has war. The wars of the League of Augsburg and the Spanish Succession; the Seven Years War; the American Revolution; the Napoleonic Wars; the two World Wars; the cold war: The list of wars is almost as long as the list of financial crises. Bad economic times always breed wars. Europe was a pretty peaceful place in 1928, but the Depression poisoned German public opinion and helped bring Adolf Hitler to power. If the current crisis turns into a depression, what rough beasts might start slouching toward Moscow, Karachi, Beijing, or New Delhi to be born? The United States may not, yet, decline, but, if we can't get the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight.
T frontline
ReplyDeletew/m the neg's definition does not say that it only has to be within, we are increasing within, and in other places.
c/d: in- on the inside
www.dictionary.com
w/m counter interp, we are increasing inside toe united states.
1. Extra Topicality Increases Negative Ground – Each addition to the plan gives the negative new disad links and the potential to impact turn any impact the affirmative has stuck themselves to.
2. No Ground Abuse – Extra topical plans still include a predictable link friendly topical plan which negatives have all the ground they would otherwise have .
3. Counter-Plans Check Abuse – Negatives can capture any advantages the affirmative would claim by advocating the extra-topical portions of the plan.
4. Key to Affirmative Enabling Mechanisms – Funding and Enforcement are both extra topical plan planks without which affirmatives would always lose.
5. Enhances Education – By adding extra issues to the resolved it allows debaters to learn about more issues and learn about the resolution in a variety of different contexts.
6. Not a Voting Issue – by simply not granting affirmatives the extra-optical plan plank would undermine any abuse.
n/v
education
fairness
we don't take advantages off of other countries, don't vote on potential abuse
DA frontline
Immigrants are not leaving, despite economy.
Thornburgh, april 9th '09
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1890404,00.html
There's just one problem: illegal immigrants aren't going, at least not yet. Their ties to their home countries have grown too tenuous; their investment in their off-label version of the American Dream is too great. Tougher border enforcement makes leaving a more final and difficult decision. They don't go home because they know they probably won't get to return. This has Americans in St. Helens, Ore., and elsewhere facing a set of decisions of their own: How hard should they press the case against illegal immigrants? And will putting more pressure on the undocumented end up damaging the community in the process?
Illegal immagrants are actually good for the economy
Isidore '06
http://money.cnn.com/2006/05/01/news/economy/immigration_economy/index.htm
But even Sum would concede that the U.S. economy is larger, and growing faster, due to the supply of illegal immigrants, and that most Americans with higher job skills are better off for their presence.
"Without the immigrants, we would have a decline in labor force of 3 to 4 percent," he said. "We couldn't have grown nearly as much as we did in the '90s if we didn't have immigrants. And in the last few years our growth would have been slower. The only thing I've argued is that we've ignored that illegal immigration has put a lot of young adults into economic jeopardy."
Sum's views point out the dichotomy that many economists see when looking at the impact of immigration on the economy.
Few economists will argue with the concept that the economy is stronger for the presence of the low-cost labor force.
Illegal immigrants can't get social services
Mullen '08
http://www.rgj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080920/NEWS05/809210316
Even if they are very poor, Illegal immigrants are not eligible for most U.S. social services programs.
Welfare, Food Stamps, Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, Supplemental Security Income, public housing assistance, federal and state job programs for low-income residents and programs that involve child care and development are off limits to illegal immigrants.
T,
ReplyDeleteTag of Def.
Def.
then violation
next u go to standards
A.
B.
C.
then u go to voters.
(1) Immigrants are heading home due to the economic crisis.
Chardy ‘08 (Alfonso, writer, 11/30/08, “Illegal immigrations going home and local labor market at risk”, Miami .Herald, http://www.miamiherald.com/457/story/792869.html)
Malaquías Gaspar left his farm village in southern Mexico when the economy soured in the mid-1990s. He headed north illegally and found the proverbial better opportunity in South Florida, where he made a decent living by picking fruit and building homes. But the U.S. economic crisis has disrupted his life and the lives of countless other illegal immigrants who are now planning to leave or have already left. Gaspar recently returned to Zimatlán de Alvarez in Oaxaca state, primarily to care for his ailing mother -- but also to plan for the future should the economy worsen in South Miami-Dade County, where his wife and four children remain. ''If we can't feed our children, we'll come back,'' said Gaspar, 40, as he sat at his family home -- upgraded with money he had sent from South Florida. Gaspar is among millions of undocumented immigrants facing new challenges brought on by slim prospects for legalization, more aggressive federal enforcement and a worsening economy. Now, fewer immigrants are caught while trekking through the dangerous Sonoran Desert or risking their lives aboard makeshift boats in the Caribbean, indicating that fewer are trying. Those who make it through can find themselves on one of several daily federal charter flights that return deportees. The ripple effects are already being felt. Communities in Latin America and the Caribbean report a reduction in remittances -- money sent home from the United States. That money is critical to the survival of families and the success of local civic projects. Border communities that once thrived as way stations for those heading north are now little more than ghost towns.
(2) Increases in social services cause illegal immigrants to flood back to America.
Marietta, Melissa. "Undocumented immigrants shouldn't receive social services | International Social Science Review | Find Articles at BNET." Find Articles at BNET | News Articles, Magazine Back Issues & Reference Articles on All Topics. 3 Mar. 2009
Undocumented immigrants are a growing percentage of the U.S. population, numbering nearly eleven million nationwide.' As their numbers grow, so too does the debate as to whether or not they should receive social service benefits provided to American citizens. Some Americans argue that undocumented immigrants only come here for the social services that are offered by the government. Denying public services to undocumented immigrants, they claim, will discourage them from entering the country. Such reasoning will stop unauthorized immigration to the United States. Most immigrants come to the U.S. for these opportunities because it allows for them to be lazy and take advantage of the system while hurting other american’s. According to U.S. Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL): immigrants to this country are fighting for the handout; they are not here merely for a student loan or food stamps or access to a free clinic.... They are fighting to have all of the opportunities that they are denied in their native countries: a chance to sit back and relax while taking advantage of the average middle-class American. (2) Undocumented workers will continue to enter America as long as there are services and employers willing to hire them.
(3) Currently our economy hangs in the balance and the influx of all the illegal immigrants coming back will push the economy past the brink into a depression.
Camarato 09 [ Steven A. Camarato “Illegal Immigration and the Fiscal Budget” pg. 43]
In 2007, Trend forecaster Gerald Celente predicted that an "Economic 9/11" would hit Wall Street in 2009.* The financial world is in free fall and very few saw it coming. As the The New York Times wrote, "A year into the financial crisis, few dreamed that the situation would spiral down, so far, so fast.” Even now, in the midst of the chaos, Wall Street, Washington and the media, are in damage control mode, still unwilling to acknowledge the dire implications of the acknowledged facts. According to Celente, the worst is yet to come, and it's going to go global. He said, that the old adage, 'when America sneezes the rest of the world catches pneumonia,' holds truer than the newly minted "de-coupling" theory that global growth can be sustained absent a strong US marketplace. "Equity markets worldwide have collapsed and there is nothing in place that will support them," said Celente. "Lehman Brothers was the biggest bankruptcy in United States history and it won't be the last. There will be many more 'too big to fails' and there won't be enough money to bail them all out. First it was Bear Stearns; then it was Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, A.I.G.; tomorrow there will be others," said Celente, Director of the Trends Research Institute. "And the failures will extend beyond the financial sector," he predicted. "In the coming weeks, months and years, we'll see a steady stream of banks, giant retailers, consumer product companies, manufacturers, leveraged buyout firms and home builders going under. The next economic shoe to drop will be the influx of illegal immigrants migrating back in order to collect the social services from the stimulus. Which will lead to a huge deficit and this in turn will lead to the next great depression.
(4) Depressions empirically bread wars.
Mead, 2-04-09 (Walter Russell, finally a new econ impact card, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow in US foreign policy, council on foreign relations, “Only makes you stronger: Why the recession bolstered America” < http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8>)
None of which means that we can’t just sit back and enjoy the recession. History may suggest that financial crises actually help capitalist great powers maintain their leads--but it has other, less reassuring messages as well. If financial crises have been a normal part of life during the 300-year rise of the liberal capitalist system under the Anglophone powers, so has war. The wars of the League of Augsburg and the Spanish Succession; the Seven Years War; the American Revolution; the Napoleonic Wars; the two World Wars; the cold war: The list of wars is almost as long as the list of financial crises. Bad economic times always breed wars. Europe was a pretty peaceful place in 1928, but the Depression poisoned German public opinion and helped bring Adolf Hitler to power. If the current crisis turns into a depression, what rough beasts might start slouching toward Moscow, Karachi, Beijing, or New Delhi to be born? The United States may not, yet, decline, but, if we can't get the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight.
A. Increase
ReplyDeleteaddition: a quantity that is added, a change resulting in an increase, become bigger or greater in amount
B. Violation
they're not increasing they're creating
C. Standards
1. Extra Topicality Increases Negative Ground – Each addition to the plan gives the negative new disad links and the potential to impact turn any impact the affirmative has stuck themselves to.
2. No Ground Abuse – Extra topical plans still include a predictable link friendly topical plan which negatives have all the ground they would otherwise have.
3. Counter-Plans Check Abuse – Negatives can capture any advantages the affirmative would claim by advocating the extra-topical portions of the plan.
D. Voters
1.Fairness
2.Education
3.Juristiction
DA
ReplyDeleteA. Uniqueness - Immigrants are heading home due to the economic crisis.
Chardy ‘08 (Alfonso, writer, 11/30/08, “Illegal immigrations going home and local labor market at risk”, Miami .Herald, http://www.miamiherald.com/457/story/792869.html)
Malaquías Gaspar left his farm village in southern Mexico when the economy soured in the mid-1990s. He headed north illegally and found the proverbial better opportunity in South Florida, where he made a decent living by picking fruit and building homes. But the U.S. economic crisis has disrupted his life and the lives of countless other illegal immigrants who are now planning to leave or have already left. Gaspar recently returned to Zimatlán de Alvarez in Oaxaca state, primarily to care for his ailing mother -- but also to plan for the future should the economy worsen in South Miami-Dade County, where his wife and four children remain. ''If we can't feed our children, we'll come back,'' said Gaspar, 40, as he sat at his family home -- upgraded with money he had sent from South Florida. Gaspar is among millions of undocumented immigrants facing new challenges brought on by slim prospects for legalization, more aggressive federal enforcement and a worsening economy. Now, fewer immigrants are caught while trekking through the dangerous Sonoran Desert or risking their lives aboard makeshift boats in the Caribbean, indicating that fewer are trying. Those who make it through can find themselves on one of several daily federal charter flights that return deportees. The ripple effects are already being felt. Communities in Latin America and the Caribbean report a reduction in remittances -- money sent home from the United States. That money is critical to the survival of families and the success of local civic projects. Border communities that once thrived as way stations for those heading north are now little more than ghost towns.
Link- (2) Increases in social services cause illegal immigrants to flood back to America.
Marietta, Melissa. "Undocumented immigrants shouldn't receive social services | International Social Science Review | Find Articles at BNET." Find Articles at BNET | News Articles, Magazine Back Issues & Reference Articles on All Topics. 3 Mar. 2009
Undocumented immigrants are a growing percentage of the U.S. population, numbering nearly eleven million nationwide.' As their numbers grow, so too does the debate as to whether or not they should receive social service benefits provided to American citizens. Some Americans argue that undocumented immigrants only come here for the social services that are offered by the government. Denying public services to undocumented immigrants, they claim, will discourage them from entering the country. Such reasoning will stop unauthorized immigration to the United States. Most immigrants come to the U.S. for these opportunities because it allows for them to be lazy and take advantage of the system while hurting other american’s. According to U.S. Representative Luis Gutierrez (D-IL): immigrants to this country are fighting for the handout; they are not here merely for a student loan or food stamps or access to a free clinic.... They are fighting to have all of the opportunities that they are denied in their native countries: a chance to sit back and relax while taking advantage of the average middle-class American. (2) Undocumented workers will continue to enter America as long as there are services and employers willing to hire them.
Internal Link- (3) Currently our economy hangs in the balance and the influx of all the illegal immigrants coming back will push the economy past the brink into a depression.
Camarato 09 [ Steven A. Camarato “Illegal Immigration and the Fiscal Budget” pg. 43]
In 2007, Trend forecaster Gerald Celente predicted that an "Economic 9/11" would hit Wall Street in 2009.* The financial world is in free fall and very few saw it coming. As the The New York Times wrote, "A year into the financial crisis, few dreamed that the situation would spiral down, so far, so fast.” Even now, in the midst of the chaos, Wall Street, Washington and the media, are in damage control mode, still unwilling to acknowledge the dire implications of the acknowledged facts. According to Celente, the worst is yet to come, and it's going to go global. He said, that the old adage, 'when America sneezes the rest of the world catches pneumonia,' holds truer than the newly minted "de-coupling" theory that global growth can be sustained absent a strong US marketplace. "Equity markets worldwide have collapsed and there is nothing in place that will support them," said Celente. "Lehman Brothers was the biggest bankruptcy in United States history and it won't be the last. There will be many more 'too big to fails' and there won't be enough money to bail them all out. First it was Bear Stearns; then it was Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, A.I.G.; tomorrow there will be others," said Celente, Director of the Trends Research Institute. "And the failures will extend beyond the financial sector," he predicted. "In the coming weeks, months and years, we'll see a steady stream of banks, giant retailers, consumer product companies, manufacturers, leveraged buyout firms and home builders going under. The next economic shoe to drop will be the influx of illegal immigrants migrating back in order to collect the social services from the stimulus. Which will lead to a huge deficit and this in turn will lead to the next great depression.
Impact- (4) Depressions empirically bread wars.
Mead, 2-04-09 (Walter Russell, finally a new econ impact card, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow in US foreign policy, council on foreign relations, “Only makes you stronger: Why the recession bolstered America” < http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8>)
None of which means that we can’t just sit back and enjoy the recession. History may suggest that financial crises actually help capitalist great powers maintain their leads--but it has other, less reassuring messages as well. If financial crises have been a normal part of life during the 300-year rise of the liberal capitalist system under the Anglophone powers, so has war. The wars of the League of Augsburg and the Spanish Succession; the Seven Years War; the American Revolution; the Napoleonic Wars; the two World Wars; the cold war: The list of wars is almost as long as the list of financial crises. Bad economic times always breed wars. Europe was a pretty peaceful place in 1928, but the Depression poisoned German public opinion and helped bring Adolf Hitler to power. If the current crisis turns into a depression, what rough beasts might start slouching toward Moscow, Karachi, Beijing, or New Delhi to be born? The United States may not, yet, decline, but, if we can't get the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight
i don't know if i did that right but let me know..
ReplyDeletethese are hard for me to understand.
Here is the T shell
ReplyDeleteA. Interpretation - Aff must make a substantial increase to impoverished.
1. Substantially
Gary Thomason, Purchasing Manager March 22, 2004
http://www.gcsnp.org/bidinfo/B-4053_BREAD.pdf.
Substantially is defined as: over 51 percent of the final processed product consists of agricultural commodities grown domestically.
2. Increase
Cambridge Dictionaries Online 2007
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=40073&dict=CALD
To (make something) become larger in amount or size.
B . Violation -
The plan does not make the amount of social services to impoverished persons greater by 51% or more.
C. Standards
1. Predictable Ground - Increases of more than half are key to negative ground. Small increases justify unpredictable, minor changes that have no literature base. Increases of at least 50% guarantee negative disad links and counterplan ground.
2. Education - Our interpretation is key to education on substantial increases in social services. Small increases rob us on education about what it means to give social services to the impoverished.
3. Effects T - The plan doesn’t directly effect the resolution. It relies on multiple steps to get anything done and this kills negative ground.
D. Voters
1. education
2. fairness
3. jurisdiction.
Disad time!!!
Uniqueness: Obama is perceived as tough Anne Davies 2009 (http://stgeorge.yourguide.com.au/news/world/world/general/no-more-mr-nice-guy-obama-plays-it-tough/1427371.aspx)
PRESIDENT Barack Obama's experiment in reaching across the aisle came to an abrupt end as he vented his frustration with Republicans over their opposition to the $US900 billion ($1.38 trillion) stimulus package, in turn ridiculing them and warning they risked great harm to the nation. In one of his most passionate addresses since the campaign ended, Mr Obama reminded his opponents he had won the election and that the American people had backed his approach to economic management, not the Republicans'. If they did not come on board on the stimulus plan, he said, he would take the fight directly to the people.
Mr Obama again repeated that without swift action the crisis in the US economy "would become a catastrophe", causing millions more to lose their jobs. There are also concerns about the stability of US banks. The Administration is expected to expedite a plan early next week to overhaul the Troubled Asset Relief Program, buy up toxic assets and implement measures that would stem foreclosures.
But for now, Mr Obama was focused on trying to win over both Democrats and Republicans to the stimulus bill.
He said he was tired of critics saying "This is not a stimulus bill, this is a spending bill".
LINK: Social Services make Obama look like a pushover.
Krugman, Paul. "Politico." Politico - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. 9 Jan. 2009 //www.Politico.com/2007/11/16/opinion/16krugman.html>.
Lately, Barack Obama has been saying that major action is needed to avert what he keeps calling a “crisis” in the number of people currently residing in poverty — most recently in an interview with The National Journal. Progressives who fought hard and long to see Obama do something to help those currently residing in poverty. Say their may be a possible hick up in this in that if he does this it could hurt his current projection of being a strong leader. Replaced with the view of him being nothing more than a pushover and opposing countries will view him as nothing to worry about.
Internal Link: Obama key to US Hegemony
Nye Joseph February 09 (Harvard Professor, “How Obama Leads”, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18819/how_obama_leads.html?breadcrumb=%2F)
Obama will need to use both his emotional and contextual intelligence if he is to restore American leadership. Contextual intelligence is the intuitive diagnostic skill that helps a leader align tactics with objectives to produce smart strategies in different situations. A decade ago, the conventional wisdom was that the world was a uni-polar American hegemony. Neo-conservative pundits drew the conclusion that the United States was so powerful that it could do whatever it wanted, and that others had no choice but to follow. This new unilateralism was based on a profound misunderstanding of the nature of power — that is, the ability to affect others to get the outcomes one wants — in world politics. The US may be the only superpower, but preponderance is not empire. America can influence but not control other parts of the world. Whether certain resources will produce power depends upon the context. To understand power and its contexts in the world today, I have sometimes suggested the metaphor of a three-dimensional chess game. On the top board of military power among countries, the US is the only superpower. On the middle board of economic relations among countries, the world is already multi-polar. America cannot get the outcomes it wants in trade, antitrust, or other areas without the cooperation of the European Union, China, Japan, and others. On the bottom board of transnational relations outside the control of governments — pandemics, climate change, the drug trade, or transnational terrorism, for example — power is chaotically distributed. Nobody is in control. This is the complex world in which Obama takes up the mantle of leadership. He inherits a global economic crisis, two wars in which US and allied troops are deployed, crises in the Middle East and South Asia, and a struggle against terrorism. He will have to deal with this legacy and chart a new course at the same time. He will have to make difficult decisions while creating a larger sense of meaning in which America once again exports hope rather than fear. That will be the test of his leadership.
IMPACT: Hegemony prevents prolif and global nuclear war.
Zalmay Khalilzad, US Ambassador to the United Nations. “Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War.” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2. pg. 84 Spring 1995
Under the third option, the United States would seek to retain global leadership and to preclude the rise of a global rival or a return to multipolarity for the indefinite future. On balance, this is the best long-term guiding principle and vision. Such a vision is desirable not as an end in itself, but because a world in which the United States exercises leadership would have tremendous advantages. First, the global environment would be more open and more receptive to American values -- democracy, free markets, and the rule of law. Second, such a world would have a better chance of dealing cooperatively with the world's major problems, such as nuclear proliferation, threats of regional hegemony by renegade states, and low-level conflicts. Finally, U.S. leadership would help preclude the rise of another hostile global rival, enabling the United States and the world to avoid another global cold or hot war and all the attendant dangers, including a global nuclear exchange. U.S. leadership would therefore be more conducive to global stability than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system. Precluding the rise of a hostile global rival is a good guide for defining what interests the United States should regard as vital and for which of them it should be ready to use force and put American lives at risk. It is a good prism for identifying threats, setting priorities for U.S. policy toward various regions and states, and assessing needs for military capabilities and modernization.
Here is the T frontline
ReplyDeleteWe meet - the plan helps over half of impoverished persons in america. (i would provide some kind of evidence proving so.
We meet - we make an increase of over 50%.
Counter-interpretation
Substantially
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/substantially
of ample or considerable amount, quantity, size, etc.: a substantial sum of money.
We meet out counter-interpretation. We increases social services by a considerable amount.
Counter-Standards
1. Time Skew - The Neg being so picky about fifty one percent or not is just so they can run this T as a time suck. Our plan has proven its advantages and solvency.
2. Education - The Neg running this T as a time suck just skews aff time allocation,forcing us to waste our speech time on this unimportant T kills aff ground.
3.Unfair balance of ground - Since the aff is being forced to waste its speech answering this T it kills aff ground and competitive equity in this debate.
No Voters
1. Fairness
2. Education
3. Potential abuse not a voter
Here is the frontline to the Disad
Non-unique - obama isn't perceived as tough. He is viewed as a person of change and he is friendly. (maybe use some card proving he isn't tough, like the one chris used)\
Link is mitigated at best and a wish wash. Even if you grant them the link, there no connection between the link, the internal link, and the impact. Just because obama is "weak" doens't mean our hedge will worsen. The internal link card doesn't say anything about this.
No impact - come on guys, this impact card is generic novice level at best and totally outdated. it was like fourteen years ago. A lot has changed since then with our hedge and the hedge of other countries.
Case outweighs.